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Tracking Down the Monster Within Us





A profound discovery is that genetic defects produce abnormal levels of serotonin and noradrenaline, two potent brain chemicals that researchers have successfully manipulated to make animals more or less violent. Several studies also suggest that threatening environments can trigger serotonin and noradrenaline imbalances in genetically susceptible people, laying the biochemical foundation for a lifetime of violent behavior.

Serotonin, the brain¡¯s master impulse modulator for all emotions and drives, especially keeps aggression in line. Noradrenaline, the brain¡¯s alarm hormone, recognizes danger and organizes the brain to respond to it by producing adrenaline and other chemicals.

Normal aggression has a set point, which is regulated by brain chemicals. Most people are born with a balance. Changing the set point can either increase or lower aggression.

At normal levels, serotonin keeps in check primitive drives and emotions. Such control is exerted through the neocortex, the part of the brain that oversees socialization, memory, and judgment and controls the deeper parts of the brain that harbor primitive instincts and emotions.

Anything that happens to the thinking, outer surfaces of the brain, can interfere with serotonin¡¯s ability to keep the basic instincts in line.

Many people inherit a gene that makes them more susceptible to low serotonin. But early in life experiences?living in a violent household or a normal one?appear to determine how that gene will be expressed.


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